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Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) is an Indian statutory insurance and investment corporation headquartered in the city of Mumbai, India. It is under the ownership of Ministry of Finance, Government of India.
The Life insurance Corporation of India was established on 1 September 1956, when the Parliament of India passed the Life Insurance of India Act that nationalized the insurance industry in India. Over 245 insurance companies and provident societies were merged to create the state-owned Life Insurance Corporation of India.[2][3]
As of 2019, Life Insurance Corporation of India had total life fund of ₹28.3 trillion. The total value of sold policies in the year 2018–19 is ₹21.4 million. Life Insurance Corporation of India settled 26 million claims in 2018–19. It has 290 million policy holders.
Founding organisations
The Oriental Life Insurance Company, the first company in India offering life insurance coverage, was established in Kolkata in 1818. Its primary target market was the Europeans based in India, and it charged Indians heftier premiums.[4] Surendranath Tagore had founded Hindustan Insurance Society, which later became Life Insurance Corporation.[5]
The Bombay Mutual Life Assurance Society, formed in 1870, was the first native insurance provider. Other insurance companies established in the pre-independence era included
• Postal Life Insurance (PLI) was introduced on 1 February 1884
• Bharat Insurance Company (1896)
• United India (1906)
• National Indian (1906)
• National Insurance (1906)
• Co-operative Assurance (1906)
• Hindustan Co-operatives (1907)
• The New India Assurance Co Ltd (1919)
• Indian Mercantile
• General Assurance
• Swadeshi Life (later Bombay Life)
• Sahyadri Insurance (Merged into LIC, 1986)
The first 150 years were marked mostly by turbulent economic conditions. It witnessed India’s First War of Independence, adverse effects of the World War I and World War II on the economy of India, and in between them the period of worldwide economic crises triggered by the Great depression. The first half of the 20th century saw a heightened struggle for India’s independence. The aggregate effect of these events led to a high rate of and liquidation of life insurance companies in India. This had adversely affected the faith of the general in the utility of obtaining life cover.
Nationalization in 1956
In 1955, parliamentarian Feroze Gandhi raised the matter of insurance fraud by owners of private insurance agencies. In the ensuing investigations, one of India’s wealthiest businessmen, Sachin Devkekar, owner of the Times of India newspaper, was sent to prison for two years.[6]
The Parliament of India passed the Life Insurance of India Act on 19 June 1956 creating the Life Insurance Corporation of India, which started operating in September of that year. It consolidated the business of 245 private life insurers and other entities offering life insurance services; this consisted of 154 life insurance companies, 16 foreign companies and 75 provident companies. The nationalization of the life insurance business in India was a result of the Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956, which had created a policy framework for extending state control over at least 17 sectors of the economy, including life insurance
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